Watir 学习笔记

• + - Require the Watir Tool
  • require 'watir'
• + - Create a Test Instance of IE
  • ie = Watir::IE.new
  • or ie = Watir::IE.start("http://mytestsite")
  • or  require 'watir'
        include Watir
        ie = IE.new
• + - Site Navigation
  • ie.goto("http://mytestsite")
• + - Manipulating Web Page Objects
  • + - Hyperlinks
    • HTML tag : name, href
    • e.g. <a href = "http://pragmaticprogrammer.com/titles/ruby">Pickaxe</a>
    • Watir code : ie.link(:text, "Pickaxe").click
    • or ie.link(:url, "http://pragmaticprogrammer.com/titles/ruby").click
  • + - Checkboxes
    • HTML tag : checkbox
    • e.g. <input type = "checkbox" name = "checkme" value = "1">
    • Watir code : ie.checkbox(:name, "checkme").set
    • or ie.checkbox(:name, "checkme").clear
    • or ie.checkbox(:name, "checkme","1").set
    • or ie.checkbox(:name, "checkme","1").clear
  • + - Radio Buttons
    • HTML tag : radio
    • e.g. <input type = "radio" name = "clickme" id = "1">
    • Watir code : ie.radio(:name, "clickme").set
    • or ie.radio(:name, "clickme").clear
    • or ie.radio(:name, "clickme", "1").set
    • or ie.radio(:name, "clickme", "1").clear
  • + - Selection Boxes

    • HTML tag : select

      e.g. <select name = "selectme"><option name =1><option name = 2>Web Testing<option name =3>in Ruby<option name=4>is fun</select>

      Watir code : ie.select_list(:name, "selectme").select("is fun")

      or ie.select_list(:name, "selectme").clearSelection

• + - Entering Data into a Web Page
  • + - Text Fields
    • HTML tag : input type = text
    • e.g. <input type = "text" name = "typeinme">
    • Watir code : ie.text_field(:name, "typeinme").set("Watir World")
    • or ie.text_field(:name, "typeinme").clear
• + - Submitting Data form a Web Page
  • + - Buttons
    • HTML tag : input type = button
    • e.g. <input type = "button" name = "clickme" value = "Click Me">
    • Watir code : ie.button(:value, "Click Me").click
    • or ie.button(:name,"clickme").click
  • + - Buttons in Forms

    • HTML tag : input type = submit

      e.g. <form action = "submit" name = "submitform" method = "post"><input type = "submit" value = "Submit"></input></form>

      Watir code : ie.button(:value."Submit").click

  • + - Image Buttons in Forms

    • HTML tag : img src

      e.g. <form action ="submit" name = "doitform" method = "post"><input type = "image" src = "images/doit.gif" name = "doit"></form>

      Watir code : ie.button(:name, "doit").click

  • + - Forms With No Buttons

    • HTML tag : form's name , action , method

      Note : Input your name and hit ENTER

      e.g. <form action = "login" name = "loginform" method = "get"><input name = "username" type = "text"></input></form>

      Watir code : ie.form(:name, "loginform").submit

      or ie.form(:action,"login").submit

• + - Frames

  • HTML tag and  e.g. :
    <frameset cols = "120,*">
    <frame src = "menu.html" name = "menu">
    <frame src = "main.html" name = "main">
    </frameset>

    Watir code : ie.show_frames ,  ie.frame("menu") ,  
                       ie.frame("menu").link(:text, "Click Menu Item").click

    Nested Frames : ie.frame("frame1").frame(:name, "nested_frame")

• + - New Window
  • Watir method : attach
  • e.g. ie2 = Watir::IE.attach(:url, 'http://mytestsite')
  • or ie3 = Watir::IE.attach(:title, 'Test New Window')
  • or use regular expression : ie4 = Watir::IE.attach(:title, /Test New/)
• + - Validating Test Results
  • + - Object Exists
    • contains_text method
    • e.g. ie.contains_text("Reached test verification point.")
  • + - Using test::unit Assertions
    • + - Require test::unit
      • #test::unit requires
        require 'test/unit'
        require 'test/unit/ui/console/testrunner'
    • + - Create a Test Instance
      • create a new class for our test suite which is inherited from the test::unit TestCase class.
      • class TC_myTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
          ...fill in Test Case methods here...
        end
    • + - Create a Test Case Method

      • Within our test case class, we need to declare test cases as methods like this:

        def test_myTestCase
         fill in method body with Watir code and assertion here
        end

        Test case method names must be prefixed with the word "test".

        class TC_myTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
         def test_ myTestCase
           Watir code and assertion here...
         end
         def test_anotherTestCase
           Watir code and assertion here...
         end
         def test_aTestCase
           Watir code and assertion here...
         end
        end

        Use Assertions

    • + - Use Assertions
      • Watir can support assertions by wrapping Watir methods within an "assert" or "assert_false"
      • e.g. assert(ie.contains_text("Reached test verification point.")
      • or assert_false(ie.contains_text("Did not reach test verification point.")
      • We can use assertions to check of objects "exist", are "enabled" or "disabled", or any other state
    • + - Printing Results When Using Assertions

      • Here is an example of how to print the results of an assertion:

        if assert(ie.contains_text("Test verification point."))
          puts("TEST PASSED. Found test string: 'Test verification point.' ")
        else
          puts("TEST FAILED.")
        end

        This is an example that will print out more information on a failure:

        begin
          assert(ie.contains_text("Test verification point."))
          puts("TEST PASSED. Found test string: 'Test verification point.' ")
        rescue => e
          puts("TEST FAILED." + e.message + "\n" + e.backtrace.join("\n"))
        end

        class variable "@@ie",  global variable "$ie"

    • + - Setup and Teardown
      • def setup
         fill in code that will run before every test case here...
        end
      • def teardown
         fill in code that will run after every test case here...
        end
• + - Tips and Tricks
  • + - Online Resources
    • Google search : site:rubyforge.org "[Wtr-general]" keyword
    • Watir FAQ : http://wiki.openqa.org/display/WTR/FAQ
  • Popup Windows : The anwser in FAQ
  • + - Running Tests With the Browser Not Visible
    • Run the tests with a "-b" option if you don't want the browser to be visible. ex. myTest.rb -b
• + - Troubleshooting
  • Choosing Attributes
  • + - Accessing Tags Using Alternate Methods

    • Some web architectures dynamically generate tags, and the attributes might change each time you run a test. To work around this, try the following:

      + - Access Element Using Index

      • ie.radio(:index, 1).set
      • ie.radio(:index, 2).clear

      + - Using Regular Expressions

      • ie.link(:url, /shtml/).click
• + - CSS: Messages in Div tags
  • Check out the unit test css_test.rb for usage.  
• + - Running a Test Concurrently
  • check out concurrent_search in the examples directory for an example.
• + - Tree Views
  • Watir now supports JavaScript treeviews such as the Joust tree view.
• + - Multiple Windows
  • Watir now handles multiple browser windows with the attach method.  
• + - File Upload
  • Use the file_field method
  • filefield_test.rb
• RDoc
• + - Using IRB and Watir
  • + - You can try out test script ideas interactively with IRB.

    • c:\>irb
      irb(main):001:0> require 'watir'
      => true
      irb(main):002:0> ie = Watir::IE.start("http://mytestsite.com")

  • + - Use IRB to Find Page Objects
    • irb(main):003:0> ie.show_all_objects
  • + - The "flash" method can be used to test whether you have identified the object correctly.
    • irb(main):006:0> ie.text_field(:name, "test_text").flash
• + - Glossary

  • Controller : the Watir scripting package that controls a web browser

    Instance : an object that has been created for use by a program and is stored in memory

    Message : an action descriptor that can be sent to an object. If the object recognizes the message, it will respond and display related behavior.  

    Object : something that contains attributes and displays behavior according to what messages have been sent to it.

    Ruby : object oriented scripting language

    Watir : Web Application Testing in Ruby